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tech:chroot [2025/03/28 09:47] – Jean-Baptistetech:chroot [2026/02/25 15:55] (Version actuelle) – Jean-Baptiste
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 +<!DOCTYPE markdown>
 +{{tag>Brouillon Debian Linux Sécurité Chroot}}
 +
 +# Chroot Linux
 +
 +
 +
 +Voir :
 +* https://wiki.debian.org/fr/DontBreakDebian
 +* https://wiki.debian.org/fr/Chroot
 +* https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/ap-chroot-ssh-env.fr.html
 +* http://www.tldp.org/LDP/lfs/LFS-BOOK-6.1.1-HTML/chapter06/devices.html
 +* https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/change_root
 +* http://doc.ubuntu-fr.org/tutoriel/comment_restaurer_grub
 +* http://proot.me/
 +* http://dl.packetstormsecurity.net/papers/general/chroot_sshd_linux.pdf
 +* https://www.howtoforge.com/chroot_ssh_sftp_debian_etch
 +* http://www.kegel.com/crosstool/current/doc/chroot-login-howto.html
 +
 +Chroot Infinite BusyBox with systemd
 +* http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/infinite-busybox-systemd
 +* switch_root
 +
 +libpam-chroot: /lib/security/pam_chroot.so
 +
 +* https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-manual/sec-services.en.html#ssh-chroot
 +* http://singe.za.net/blog/archives/378-Linux-SSH-Jail-with-pam_chroot.html
 +
 +Voir fakeroot et consorts
 +* fakeroot
 +* fakeroot-ng
 +* proot
 +* become-root
 +* rootlesskit (Linux-native "fake root" for rootless containers)
 +and yet slow):
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +Voir aussi :
 +* pivot_root & switch_root
 +* [Debootstrap](https://wiki.debian.org/fr/Debootstrap)
 +* Docker
 +* bwrap
 +* [Firejail](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/firejail) 
 +  * ex : ''firejail --dns=8.8.8.8 firefox''
 +  * [Firejail : Le couteau suisse du confinement sous Linux](https://hal.science/hal-03640803v1/file/paper31_article_rev1991_20220316_164138.pdf)
 +* Procenv
 +
 +''chrootont.sh''
 +~~~bash
 +CHROOTDIR=/home/chroot
 +
 +mkdir ${CHROOTDIR}
 +mkdir ${CHROOTDIR}/{dev,dev/pts,sys,proc,run,etc,bin,lib,lib64,usr,var,var/run,/var/log,var/lib,/etc/init.d,home,tmp,root}
 +
 +mount -t sysfs /sys ${CHROOTDIR}/sys
 +mount -t proc proc ${CHROOTDIR}/proc
 +mount -n -t tmpfs none ${CHROOTDIR}/dev
 +
 +mkdir ${CHROOTDIR}/dev/pts
 +mkdir ${CHROOTDIR}/dev/shm
 +
 +mount -vt devpts -o gid=4,mode=620 none ${CHROOTDIR}/dev/pts
 +mount -vt tmpfs none ${CHROOTDIR}/dev/shm
 +
 +mknod -m 622 ${CHROOTDIR}/dev/console c 5 1
 +mknod -m 666 ${CHROOTDIR}/dev/null c 1 3
 +mknod -m 666 ${CHROOTDIR}/dev/zero c 1 5
 +mknod -m 666 ${CHROOTDIR}/dev/ptmx c 5 2
 +mknod -m 666 ${CHROOTDIR}/dev/tty c 5 0
 +mknod -m 444 ${CHROOTDIR}/dev/random c 1 8
 +mknod -m 444 ${CHROOTDIR}/dev/urandom c 1 9
 +chown root:tty ${CHROOTDIR}/dev/{console,ptmx,tty}
 +#mknod -m 600 ${CHROOTDIR}/dev/rtc c 254 0
 +
 +cp -p /etc/hosts /etc/hostname /etc/resolv.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/host.conf /etc/gai.conf /etc/profile /etc/environment ${CHROOTDIR}/etc/
 +touch ${CHROOTDIR}/etc/fstab
 +
 +mkdir ${CHROOTDIR}/etc/network
 +cp -p /etc/network/interfaces ${CHROOTDIR}/etc/network
 +
 +mkdir ${CHROOTDIR}/etc/default/
 +cp -p /etc/default/rsyslog ${CHROOTDIR}/etc/default/
 +cp -p /etc/default/ssh ${CHROOTDIR}/etc/default/
 +
 +egrep "^root:|^jibe:^sshd:" /etc/passwd > ${CHROOTDIR}/etc/passwd
 +
 +chroot ${CHROOTDIR} /bin/bash
 +#mount -vt devpts -o gid=4,mode=620 none /dev/pts
 +#mount -vt tmpfs none /dev/shm
 +
 +chroot ${CHROOTDIR} /bin/bash
 +
 +exelist='ls mount ps bash dmesg vim tail'
 +~~~
 +
 +
 +
 +## Exemple avec bash
 +
 +~~~bash
 +ldd /bin/bash 
 +mkdir ${CHROOTDIR}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ -p
 +cp -p /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libncurses.so.5 ${CHROOTDIR}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
 +cp -p /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.5 ${CHROOTDIR}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
 +cp -p /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 ${CHROOTDIR}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
 +cp -p /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 ${CHROOTDIR}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
 +cp -p /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 ${CHROOTDIR}/lib64/
 +cp -p /bin/bash ${CHROOTDIR}/bin/
 +
 +# Authentification
 +cp -a /etc/pam.* /home/chroot/etc/
 +cp -a /etc/security /home/chroot/etc/
 +cp -p /etc/login.defs /home/chroot/etc/
 +cp -p  /etc/securetty /home/chroot/etc/
 +cp -p /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_files.so.2 /home/chroot/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_files.so.2
 +
 +cp -a /etc/rsyslog.* /home/chroot/etc/
 +cp -p /etc/init.d/rsyslog /home/chroot/etc/init.d/
 +mkdir /home/chroot/usr/lib
 +cp -a /usr/lib/rsyslog /home/chroot/usr/lib/
 +mkdir -p /var/spool/rsyslog
 +
 +cp -p /usr/sbin/sshd /home/chroot/usr/sbin/
 +cp -a /etc/ssh/ /home/chroot/etc/
 +
 +# Locale 
 +cp -a /usr/lib/locale /home/chroot/usr/lib/
 +
 +#cp -a /usr/share/zoneinfo /home/chroot/usr/share/
 +~~~
 +
 +Pour top, atop
 +~~~
 +'xterm': unknown terminal type
 +~~~
 +
 +~~~bash
 +cp -a /lib/terminfo /home/chroot/lib/
 +
 +touch ${CHROOTDIR}/var/log/wtmp
 +touch ${CHROOTDIR}/var/log/auth.log
 +
 +
 +touch ${CHROOTDIR}/var/log/messages ${CHROOTDIR}/var/log/syslog ${CHROOTDIR}/var/log/kern.log ${CHROOTDIR}/var/log/daemon.log ${CHROOTDIR}/var/log/lastlog
 +
 +cp -r /etc/skel /home/chroot/home/jibe
 +
 +
 +touch /home/chroot/home/jibe/.Xauthority
 +chown jibe: -R  /home/chroot/home/jibe
 +
 +chroot ${CHROOTDIR} 
 +
 +chmod 1777 /home/chroot/tmp
 +
 +#mkdir -p /var/cache/apt/archives/
 +
 +cp -p /etc/init.d/ssh /home/chroot/etc/init.d/
 +
 +#Pour les script init (services)
 +cp -a /lib/lsb /home/chroot/lib/
 +~~~
 +
 +Truc ?
 +
 +''/etc/passwd''
 +~~~
 +chroot:x:1010:1015:,,,:/home/chroot:/usr/local/bin/chrootshell
 +~~~
 +
 +''/usr/local/bin/chrootshell''
 +~~~bash
 +#! /bin/bash
 +
 +#exec -c /usr/sbin/chroot /home/$USER /bin/bash
 +#sudo /usr/sbin/chroot /home/$USER /bin/bash
 +sudo /usr/sbin/chroot /home/$USER /bin/bash -c "su - jibe"
 +~~~
 +
 +http://smhteam.info/wiki/index.linux.php5?wiki=ChrooterUnUtilisateur
 +
 +~~~
 +chroot ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/chroot
 +~~~
 +
 +**ATTENTION** Grosse faille de sécurité que je n'explique pas (peut-être lié à PAM ou systemd) :
 +Si l'utilisateur ouvre une session graphique avec le compte chrooté, chaque appli graphique sort du chroot. Malgrès mon noyau patché avec Grsecurity
 +
 +mknod -m 666 /home/chroot/dev/tty8 c 4 8
 +
 +Dans le chroot
 +~~~bash
 +/sbin/getty 38400 tty8
 +~~~
 +
 +~~~bash
 +umount ${CHROOTDIR}/{dev/pts,dev,sys,proc,run}
 +umount ${CHROOTDIR}
 +
 +rmdir ${CHROOTDIR}/{dev/pts,dev,sys,proc,run}
 +rmdir ${CHROOTDIR}
 +
 +umount /chroot/*
 +umount /chroot/*
 +~~~
 +
 +### Comment savoir si je suis dans un chroot ?
 +
 +Les numeros d'inodes peuvent être un indice
 +~~~bash
 +ls -id /
 +~~~
 +Voir http://stackoverflow.com/questions/75182/detecting-a-chroot-jail-from-within
 +
 +## Firejail
 +
 +Voir : https://firejail.wordpress.com/documentation-2/firefox-guide/
 +
 +~~~bash
 +firefail --seccomp --debug firefox
 +~~~
 +
 +
 +## Mount kernel virtual file systems
 +
 +Source : https://git.yoctoproject.org/poky/plain/meta/recipes-core/initscripts/initscripts-1.0/sysfs.sh
 +
 +''sysfs.sh''
 +~~~bash
 +#!/bin/sh
 +#
 +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 +#
 +
 +### BEGIN INIT INFO
 +# Provides:          mountvirtfs
 +# Required-Start:
 +# Required-Stop:
 +# Default-Start:     S
 +# Default-Stop:
 +# Short-Description: Mount kernel virtual file systems.
 +# Description:       Mount initial set of virtual filesystems the kernel
 +#                    provides and that are required by everything.
 +### END INIT INFO
 +
 +if [ -e /proc ] && ! [ -e /proc/mounts ]; then
 +  mount -t proc proc /proc
 +fi
 +
 +if [ -e /sys ] && grep -q sysfs /proc/filesystems && ! [ -e /sys/class ]; then
 +  mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys
 +fi
 +
 +if [ -e /sys/kernel/debug ] && grep -q debugfs /proc/filesystems; then
 +  mount -t debugfs debugfs /sys/kernel/debug
 +fi
 +
 +if [ -e /sys/kernel/config ] && grep -q configfs /proc/filesystems; then
 +  mount -t configfs configfs /sys/kernel/config
 +fi
 +
 +if [ -e /sys/firmware/efi/efivars ] && grep -q efivarfs /proc/filesystems; then
 +  mount -t efivarfs efivarfs /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
 +fi
 +
 +if ! [ -e /dev/zero ] && [ -e /dev ] && grep -q devtmpfs /proc/filesystems; then
 +  mount -n -t devtmpfs devtmpfs /dev
 +fi
 +
 +~~~
 +
 +
 +
 +## Pb /etc/machine-id: No such file or directory
 +
 +~~~
 +-bash: /etc/machine-id: No such file or directory
 +-bash: /proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id: No such file or directory
 +-bash: /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid: No such file or directory
 +~~~
 +
 +
 +## Autres
 +
 +~~~bash
 +chroot --userspec=nobody
 +~~~
 +
  
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