Différences

Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.

--- tech:draft-monter-son-serveur-mail-sous-debian [2025/06/02 15:30] – Jean-Baptiste
+++ tech:draft-monter-son-serveur-mail-sous-debian [2026/06/07 19:12] (Version actuelle) – modification externe 127.0.0.1
@@ Ligne 1: / Ligne 1: @@
+<!DOCTYPE markdown>
+{{tag>Debian Serveur Mail TLS SMTP Postfix}}
+# Monter son serveur mail sous Debian
+Voir [[https://doc.fedora-fr.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rer_ses_courriels_en_ligne_de_commande|Gérer ses courriels en ligne de commande]]
+Tester la conf : https://www.mail-tester.com/
+Voir : https://www.linuxbabe.com/mail-server/setting-up-dkim-and-spf
+## Configuration du serveur SMTP Postfix
+serv1
+`/etc/postfix/main.cf`
+~~~ini
+# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
+# Debian specific:  Specifying a file name will cause the first
+# line of that file to be used as the name.  The Debian default
+# is /etc/mailname.
+#myorigin = /etc/mailname
+#smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU)
+smtpd_banner = Every illegal access will be referred to the appropriate authorities and the CERT.
+biff = no
+# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
+append_dot_mydomain = no
+# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
+#delay_warning_time = 4h
+readme_directory = no
+# TLS parameters
+smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/smtpd.crt
+smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/smtpd.key
+smtpd_use_tls = yes
+smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
+smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
+# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
+# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.
+myhostname = serv1.acme.fr
+alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
+alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
+myorigin = /etc/mailname
+mydestination = acme.fr, serv1.acme.fr, localhost.localdomain, localhost
+relayhost =
+mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 172.16.0.0/12
+mailbox_size_limit = 0
+recipient_delimiter = +
+inet_interfaces = all
+home_mailbox = Maildir/
+mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION"
+#smtpd_sasl_local_domain =
+#smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
+#broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
+smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,reject_unauth_destination
+smtp_use_tls = yes
+smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
+smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/ssl/cacert.pem
+smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
+smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
+smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
+tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
+smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
+smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
+smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
+# Can be an absolute path, or relative to $queue_directory
+# Debian/Ubuntu users: Postfix is setup by default to run chrooted, so it is best to leave it as-is below
+smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
+# On Debian Wheezy path must be relative and queue_directory defined
+#queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
+# and the common settings to enable SASL:
+smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
+# With Postfix version before 2.10, use smtpd_recipient_restrictions
+#smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
+# virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
+# inbound
+smtpd_tls_security_level = may
+smtpd_tls_protocols=!SSLv2,!SSLv3
+smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols=!SSLv2,!SSLv3
+# outbound
+smtp_tls_security_level = may
+smtp_tls_protocols=!SSLv2,!SSLv3
+smtp_tls_mandatory_protocols=!SSLv2,!SSLv3
+~~~
+Koala
+`/etc/postfix/main.cf`
+~~~ini
+# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
+# Debian specific:  Specifying a file name will cause the first
+# line of that file to be used as the name.  The Debian default
+# is /etc/mailname.
+#myorigin = /etc/mailname
+#smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (GNU)
+smtpd_banner = Every illegal access will be referred to the appropriate authorities and the CERT.
+biff = yes
+# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
+append_dot_mydomain = no
+# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
+#delay_warning_time = 4h
+readme_directory = no
+# TLS parameters
+smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
+smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
+smtpd_use_tls=yes
+smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
+smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
+myhostname = smtp.acme.fr
+alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
+alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
+myorigin = /etc/mailname
+mydestination = acme.fr, localhost.localdomain, localhost
+relayhost =
+mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 192.168.2.0/24 172.16.0.0/12
+mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION"
+mailbox_size_limit = 0
+message_size_limit = 10485760
+recipient_delimiter = +
+inet_interfaces = all
+virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
+relay_domains = acme.fr
+home_mailbox = Maildir/
+notify_classes = resource, software, protocol
+defer_transports = smtp
+delay_warning_time = 5m
+#maximal_queue_lifetime = 5d
+debug_peer_level = 7
+#default_transport = smtp:smtp.acme.fr
+defer_transports =
+disable_dns_lookups = no
+~~~
+`/etc/mailname`
+~~~
+acme.fr
+~~~
+`/etc/aliases`
+~~~
+# See man 5 aliases for format
+dev-null:       /dev/null
+postmaster:     root
+abuse:          root
+jean:           jibe
+root:           jibe
+# https://arno0x0x.wordpress.com/2016/02/07/postfix-lancer-un-script-sur-reception-dun-e-mail/
+bot: "|/path/to/script/mailBot.php"
+~~~
+Puis
+`/etc/postfix/virtual`
+~~~
+emailadresse   comptelocal
+~~~
+~~~bash
+postmap /etc/postfix/virtual
+~~~
+Puis
+~~~bash
+vi /etc/aliases
+newaliases
+~~~
+~~~bash
+mkdir /etc/skel/Maildir/
+mkdir /etc/skel/Maildir/cur
+mkdir /etc/skel/Maildir/new
+mkdir /etc/skel/Maildir/tmp
+touch /etc/skel/Maildir/Trash
+touch /etc/skel/Maildir/Drafts
+touch /etc/skel/Maildir/Sent
+~~~
+`/etc/skel/.procmailrc`
+~~~ini
+VERBOSE=Yes
+SHELL=/bin/bash
+PATH=$HOME/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin:.
+MAILDIR=$HOME/Maildir/ # You d better make sure it exists
+DEFAULT=$MAILDIR/$USERNAME
+LOGFILE=$MAILDIR/.procmail.log
+LOCKFILE=$HOME/.lockmail
+LOGNAME=$USERNAME
+~~~
+## Configuration Dovecot
+`/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf`
+~~~ini
+mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir
+~~~
+`/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf`
+~~~ini
+disable_plaintext_auth = yes
+~~~
+`/etc/dovecot/conf.d/15-mailboxes.conf`
+~~~c
+  mailbox Drafts {
+    auto = subscribe          # <-- ADD THIS
+    special_use = \Drafts
+  }
+  mailbox Junk {
+    special_use = \Junk
+  }
+  mailbox Trash {
+    # Fix invisible Trash
+    auto = subscribe         # <-- ADD THIS
+    special_use = \Trash
+  }
+~~~
+https://www.linode.com/docs/security/security-patches/disabling-sslv3-for-poodle
+`/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf`
+~~~ini
+ssl = required
+ssl_protocols = !SSLv2 !SSLv3
+~~~
+Debug
+~~~bash
+doveadm -Dv force-resync -u jibe INBOX
+~~~
+`/etc/letsencrypt/cli.ini`
+~~~ini
+# Source : https://gist.github.com/mrothNET/cb6f313e9cbe896f3e0fdec80ad2f3fa
+# Manage Firewall
+#pre-hook = ufw allow http
+#post-hook = ufw deny http
+# Restart Postfix & Dovecot
+renew-hook = systemctl restart dovecot.service postfix.service
+~~~
+## Dovecot Exploit
+Nettoyage cache / log
+~~~bash
+find ~/Maildir/ -type f \( -iname dovecot.index.cache -o -iname dovecot.index.log \) -delete
+~~~
+### Pb
+Pb suite à mis-à-jour Wheezy=>Stretch
+`/var/log/mail.log`
+~~~
+Jan 19 18:42:10 sever1 dovecot[394]: imap-login: Fatal: Invalid ssl_protocols setting: Unknown protocol 'SSLv2'
+~~~
+Solution de contournement provisoir
+`/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf`
+~~~ini
+#ssl_protocols = !SSLv2 !SSLv3
+ssl_protocols = !SSLv3
+~~~
+~~~bash
+systemctl restart dovecot
+~~~
+### Postfix authentification avec Dovecot
+Vérification compatibilité authentification Docecot
+~~~
+# postconf -a
+cyrus
+dovecot
+~~~
+`/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf`
+~~~ini
+# Postfix smtp-auth
+unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
+      mode = 0660
+      user = postfix
+      group = postfix
+}
+~~~
+~~~bash
+/etc/init.d/dovecot restart
+~~~
+~~~
+$ ls -l /var/spool/postfix/private/auth
+srw-rw---- 1 postfix postfix 0 mai   20 12:48 /var/spool/postfix/private/auth
+~~~
+`/etc/postfix/main.cf`
+~~~ini
+smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
+smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
+smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
+# Can be an absolute path, or relative to $queue_directory
+# Debian/Ubuntu users: Postfix is setup by default to run chrooted, so it is best to leave it as-is below
+smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
+# On Debian Wheezy path must be relative and queue_directory defined
+#queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
+# and the common settings to enable SASL:
+smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
+~~~
+## Configuration DNS
+* champ MX
+* SRV (TXT)
+## Vérification
+### Vérification sécurité
+Avant toute chose nous devons être certain que notre serveur SMTP n'est pas un relais ouvert.
+~~~bash
+telnet smtp.acme.fr 25
+EHLO localhost
+~~~
+Vous devez voir la ligne suivante :
+~~~
+-STARTTLS
+~~~
+~~~
+$ echo -ne "\0nom\0MOTDEPASS" |openssl enc -base64
+AG5vbQBNT1RERVBBU1M=
+~~~
+~~~bash
+openssl s_client -tls1 -starttls smtp -crlf -connect smtp.acme.fr:25
+EHLO localhost
+AUTH PLAIN
+AG5vbQBNT1RERVBBU1M=
+~~~
+On test que SSLv3 soit bien désactivé
+~~~bash
+openssl s_client -ssl3 -starttls smtp -crlf -connect smtp.acme.fr:25
+~~~
+http://mxtoolbox.com/diagnostic.aspx
+### Vérification DNS
+Champs DNS : SPF DKIM ARC DMARC etc....
+Voir :
+* https://support.google.com/mail/?p=IPv6AuthError
+* https://support.google.com/mail/answer/81126?visit_id=638143306072056339-3415253875&p=IPv6AuthError&rd=1#authentication
+* https://www.gmx.net/mail/senderguidelines/
+* https://www.spamhaus.org/faq/section/ISP%20Spam%20Issues
+~~~
+$ dig acme.fr TXT @8.8.8.8 +short
+"v=spf1 mx ~all"
+~~~
+~~~
+$ dig acme.fr MX @8.8.8.8 +short
+smtp.acme.fr.
+smtp2.acme.fr.
+~~~
+Pour ne pas être considéré comme un spammer, il faut aussi créer le PTR dans le Reverse DNS. \\
+ip => smtp.acme.fr
+## Fail2ban
+`/etc/fail2ban/jail.local`
+~~~ini
+### SSH
+[ssh]
+enabled  = true
+port     = 7001
+filter   = sshd
+logpath  = /var/log/auth.log
+maxretry = 6
+[ssh-ddos]
+enabled  = true
+port     = 7001
+filter   = sshd-ddos
+logpath  = /var/log/auth.log
+maxretry = 6
+### GENERIC
+# Generic filter for pam. Has to be used with action which bans all ports
+# such as iptables-allports, shorewall
+[pam-generic]
+enabled  = true
+# pam-generic filter can be customized to monitor specific subset of 'tty's
+filter   = pam-generic
+# port actually must be irrelevant but lets leave it all for some possible uses
+port     = all
+banaction = iptables-allports
+port     = anyport
+logpath  = /var/log/auth.log
+maxretry = 6
+### MAILS
+[postfix]
+enabled  = true
+port     = smtp,ssmtp
+filter   = postfix
+logpath  = /var/log/mail.log
+[sasl]
+enabled  = true
+port     = smtp,ssmtp,imap2,imap3,imaps,pop3,pop3s
+filter   = sasl
+# You might consider monitoring /var/log/mail.warn instead if you are
+# running postfix since it would provide the same log lines at the
+# "warn" level but overall at the smaller filesize.
+logpath  = /var/log/mail.log
+[dovecot]
+enabled = true
+port    = smtp,ssmtp,imap2,imap3,imaps,pop3,pop3s
+filter  = dovecot
+logpath = /var/log/mail.log
+~~~
+~~~bash
+service fail2ban restart
+service fail2ban status
+~~~
+## Webmail avec RoundCube
+Si vous avez toujours nom@localhost au lieu de nom@domain.com il peut être nécessaire de supprimer la base de donnée sqlite (par précaution renommer le fichier sqlite (**base.db** dans notre exemple)
+`defaults.inc.php`
+~~~php
+$config['mail_domain'] = '%d';
+~~~
+La base de donnée (ici sqlite)
+`config.inc.php`
+~~~php
+$config['db_dsnw'] = 'sqlite:////var/www/roundcubemail/config/base.db?mode=0646';
+~~~
+~~~bash
+apt-get install php5-fpm php5-sqlite php5-mcrypt php5-intl
+~~~
+`/etc/php5/fpm/php.ini`
+~~~ini
+date.timezone = 'Europe/Paris'
+~~~
+`/etc/nginx/sites-available/webmail`
+~~~
+server {
+        listen 443;
+        ssl on;
+        ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/private/serv1.acme.fr.crt;
+        ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/serv1.acme.fr.key;
+        ssl_session_timeout 5m;
+        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
+        ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
+        ssl_ciphers ALL:!aNULL:!eNULL:!LOW:!EXP:!RC4:!3DES:+HIGH:+MEDIUM;
+        ssl_dhparam /etc/ssl/private/dh2048.pem;
+        add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=2678400;
+        root /var/www/roundcubemail;
+        index index.html index.htm index.php;
+        client_max_body_size 20M;
+        server_name webmail.serv1.acme.fr;
+        access_log  /var/log/nginx/webmail/access.log;
+        error_log   /var/log/nginx/webmail/error.log;
+        autoindex off;
+        location / {
+                try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
+        }
+        location ~ \.php$ {
+                fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
+                # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini
+                # With php5-cgi alone:
+                fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
+                fastcgi_index index.php;
+                include fastcgi_params;
+        }
+}
+~~~
+~~~bash
+ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/webmail /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
+nginx -t
+service nginx reload
+~~~
+~~~bash
+cd /etc/ssl/private/
+openssl dhparam -out /etc/ssl/private/dh2048.pem -outform PEM -2 2048
+openssl genrsa -des3 -out serv1.acme.fr.key 2048
+# Ou : "openssl ecparam -genkey" pour Elliptic Curve key
+openssl req -new -key serv1.acme.fr.key -out serv1.acme.fr.csr
+openssl rsa -in serv1.acme.fr.key  -out  serv1.acme.fr.key.unencrypted
+mv -f serv1.acme.fr.key.unencrypted serv1.acme.fr.key
+chmod 600 serv1.acme.fr.key
+openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in serv1.acme.fr.csr -signkey serv1.acme.fr.key -out serv1.acme.fr.crt
+~~~
+~~~bash
+chown www-data: /var/www/roundcubemail/temp
+chown www-data: /var/www/roundcubemail/logs
+chown www-data: /var/www/roundcubemail/config
+~~~
+Après avoir fait la conf sur https://webmail.serv1.acme.fr/installer
+~~~bash
+rm /var/www/roundcubemail/installer/ -rf
+~~~
+FIXME
+Bloquer les URLS:
+https://webmail.serv1.acme.fr/logs/errors
+ln -s /var/www/roundcubemail/logs /var/log/roundcube
+### Extension
+#### Tag thunderbird, couleurs en fonction des étiquettes sur les mails
+~~~bash
+cd /var/www/roundcubemail/plugins
+git clone https://github.com/mike-kfed/rcmail-thunderbird-labels
+chmod -R  a+rX rcmail-thunderbird-labels
+mv rcmail-thunderbird-labels thunderbird_labels
+~~~
+`config.inc.php`
+~~~php
+$config['plugins'] = array('thunderbird_labels');
+~~~
+#### Plugin zipdownload pour télécharger toutes les pièces jointes dans un fichier Zip
+php_zip extension (including ZipArchive class)
+~~~bash
+apt-get install libphp-pclzip
+~~~
+`config/config.inc.php`
+~~~php
+$config['plugins'] = array(
+    'thunderbird_labels',
+    'archive',
+    'zipdownload',
+);
+~~~
+## Note commande postconf
+postconf -d ; Affiche les valeurs par défaut à la place de la conf actuelle.
+-n     Print main.cf parameter settings that are explicitly specified in main.cf.  Specify -nf to fold long lines for human readability
+~~~bash
+postconf -n
+~~~
+~~~ini
+alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
+alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
+append_dot_mydomain = no
+biff = no
+bounce_queue_lifetime = 1d
+bounce_size_limit = 2000
+broken_sasl_auth_clients = no
+config_directory = /etc/postfix
+disable_vrfy_command = yes
+home_mailbox = Maildir/
+inet_interfaces = all
+mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION"
+mailbox_size_limit = 0
+maximal_queue_lifetime = 1d
+mydestination = $mydomain, localhost.$mydomain, localhost
+myhostname = serv1.acme.fr
+mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 172.16.0.0/12
+mynetworks_style = host
+myorigin = /etc/mailname
+policy-spf_time_limit = 3600s
+readme_directory = no
+recipient_delimiter = +
+relayhost =
+show_user_unknown_table_name = no
+smtp_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2,!SSLv3
+smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
+smtp_tls_protocols = !SSLv2,!SSLv3
+smtp_tls_security_level = may
+smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
+smtp_use_tls = yes
+smtpd_banner = Every illegal access will be referred to the appropriate authorities and the CERT.
+smtpd_client_message_rate_limit = 3
+smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, reject_multi_recipient_bounce, permit
+smtpd_delay_reject = yes
+smtpd_error_sleep_time = 10
+smtpd_etrn_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject
+smtpd_hard_error_limit = 5
+smtpd_helo_required = yes
+smtpd_helo_restrictions = reject_non_fqdn_helo_hostname, reject_unknown_helo_hostname, warn_if_reject reject_invalid_hostname
+smtpd_junk_command_limit = 3
+smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, reject_multi_recipient_bounce, reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, reject_unknown_client, warn_if_reject reject_unknown_hostname, reject_unauth_pipelining, reject_rhsbl_sender dsn.rfc-ignorant.org reject_rhsbl_sender bogusmx.rfc-ignorant.org, reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net, reject_rbl_client sbl-xbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.sorbs.net, reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org, check_policy_service unix:private/policy-spf, permit
+smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
+smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
+smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous, noplaintext
+smtpd_sasl_tls_security_options = noanonymous
+smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
+smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unknown_address
+smtpd_soft_error_limit = 2
+smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/ssl/cacert.pem
+smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
+smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/smtpd.crt
+smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/smtpd.key
+smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
+smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = !SSLv2,!SSLv3
+smtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2,!SSLv3
+smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
+smtpd_tls_security_level = may
+smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
+smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
+smtpd_use_tls = yes
+strict_rfc821_envelopes = yes
+tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
+~~~