{{tag>Brouillon}}

= Notes langue lang locale Temps timezone TZ

Voir :
* [[Notes fuseau horaire - timezone TZ - localtime - heure locale]]

Voir aussi :
* [[ubuntu-langue-clavier]]
* [[pb_lang_qwerty_boot_cryptsetup]]


== SystemD

<code bash>
#timedatectl list-timezones
timedatectl set-timezone Europe/Paris
</code>


== Avant SystemD

<code bash>
echo "Europe/Helsinki" > /etc/timezone

#dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
dpkg-reconfigure --frontend noninteractive tzdata
</code>


=== Debian / Ubuntu

''/etc/locale.gen''
<code ->
fr_FR.UTF-8 UTF-8
</code>

<code bash>
export LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8 
export LANGUAGE=fr_FR:fr
export LC_ALL=fr_FR.UTF-8
# LC_ALL=C.UTF-8

locale-gen
dpkg-reconfigure locales
update-locale LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8
</code>

Ou
<code bash>
locale-gen fr_FR.UTF-8 UTF-8 && dpkg-reconfigure locales
</code>

''/etc/default/keyboard''
<code bash>
# KEYBOARD CONFIGURATION FILE

# Consult the keyboard(5) manual page.

XKBMODEL="pc105"
XKBLAYOUT="fr"
XKBVARIANT="latin9"
XKBOPTIONS=""

BACKSPACE="guess"
</code>

<code bash>
sudu setupcon
</code>





=== Redhat / CentOS

Source : 
* https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html

Fichier de conf

''/etc/locale.conf''
<code ini>
LANG=en_US.utf8
</code>

Afficher les infos
<code bash>
localectl status
</code>

Langue
<code bash>
localectl list-locales
#localedef set-locale LANG=en_US.utf8
localedef set-locale LANG=fr_FR.utf8
</code>

Clavier\\
Voir [[http://bayledes.free.fr/systeme/linux_clavier.phtml|Comment mater le clavier sous Linux?]]

<code bash>
localectl list-keymaps
#localectl set-keymap us
localectl set-keymap fr
#localectl set-x11-keymap fr
</code>


== Pb

=== Pb 1 

<code ->
# loadkeys fr
cannot open file fr
</code>

Solution
<code bash>
apt-get install kbd console-data
</code>

=== Pb 2

Debian 9

<code bash>
localectl set-keymap fr
</code>

Après reboot, lightdm est bien en français par défaut (même si c'est **en_US.utf8** qui est affiché)

Par contre la console TTY est toujours en querty.

Il faut à chaque fois faire

<code bash>
loadkeys fr

# idem pour X11
setxkbmap fr
</code>

**loadkeys persistent**, **loadkeys permanent**

Il est possible d'ajouter cette commande dans le bashrc, mais existe-il un autre moyen de rendre pour loadkeys persistent 



Solution : 

<code bash>
apt-get install console-setup
</code>

Si cela ne marche toujours pas
<code bash>
apt-get install console-data
apt-get install console-setup
apt-get install keyboard-configuration

dpkg-reconfigure console-data
dpkg-reconfigure console-setup
dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

reboot
</code>


== Debian - set locale

<code ->
WARNING! Your environment specifies an invalid locale.
 The unknown environment variables are:
   LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8 LC_ALL=
 This can affect your user experience significantly, including the
 ability to manage packages. You may install the locales by running:

   sudo apt-get install language-pack-en
     or
   sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8

To see all available language packs, run:
   apt-cache search "^language-pack-[a-z][a-z]$"
To disable this message for all users, run:
   sudo touch /var/lib/cloud/instance/locale-check.skip
</code>


== Autres

a

''/etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf''
<code ini>
#KEYMAP=n
KEYMAP=y
</code>

<code bash>
update-initramfs -u -k all
</code>

b

<code ->
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=”rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap vconsole.keymap=us crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 rhgb quiet net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0″
</code>

<code bash>
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
</code>

autres

<code bash>
locale-gen fr_FR.UTF-8 UTF-8
</code>

Ce qui revient à créer

''/etc/locale.gen''
<code ->
# This file lists locales that you wish to have built. You can find a list
# of valid supported locales at /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED, and you can add
# user defined locales to /usr/local/share/i18n/SUPPORTED. If you change
# this file, you need to rerun locale-gen.

en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
fr_FR.UTF-8 UTF-8
</code>

<code bash>
update-locale LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8
</code>

Ce qui revient à 

''/etc/default/locale''
<code bash>
#  File generated by update-locale
LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8
</code>


<code bash>
dpkg-reconfigure -f noninteractive locales
env DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install console-setup
</code>