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Table des matières

4 billet(s) pour septembre 2026

Notes HTTP Strict Transport Security - HSTS2026/09/18 11:04Jean-Baptiste
Notes GNU Linux GPU carte graphiques2026/09/08 15:49Jean-Baptiste
Notes GNU Linux graphique2026/09/08 15:42Jean-Baptiste
Notes urlencoding - passer des mots de passe en HTTPS2026/09/03 17:58Jean-Baptiste

Notes virtualisation

Gestion Automatique d’Environnement Virtuel :

OpenVZ

OpenVZ Proxmox

LXC vs OpenVZ

Savoir si on est dans une VM 

# SystemD
systemd-detect-virt
hostnamectl
 
virt-what
virtdetect
 
grep -q '^flags.* hypervisor' /proc/cpuinfo
jean@vps1:~$ systemd-detect-virt --vm
vmware
jean@vps1:~$ systemd-detect-virt
openvz

Suis-je dans un conteneur (container) Docker ? 

grep 'systemd:/system.slice/docker-' /proc/self/cgroup

OpenVZ ? 

cat /proc/vz/veinfo

Sinon dmesg ou lsmod, lspci permet souvent de ce faire une idée

2025/03/24 15:06
, ,

Notes Virtualbox

Conversion vmdk (vmware) en vdi (VirtualBox) 

"c:\program files\oracle\virtualbox\vboxmanage" clonehd SWF73-V1-0-disk1.vmdk new.vdi --format VDI

Si clone de disque même UUID 

rem "c:\program files\oracle\virtualbox\vboxmanage" sethduuid plop.vhd
"c:\program files\oracle\virtualbox\vboxmanage" internalcommands sethduuid plop.vhd

Defrag / Compact / Shrink 

VBoxManage.exe modifymedium disk F:\VMs\vmdeb1/vmdeb1.vdi --compact

Pb Erreurs

VBOX_E_OBJECT_NOT_FOUND

Solution 

"c:\program files\oracle\virtualbox\vboxmanage" internalcommands sethduuid F:\install\VM\plop-clone.vdi
2025/03/24 15:06
, ,

Notes VIO VMware Integrated OpenStack k8s

Commandes kubernetes ​utiles pour VIO

Lister tous les pods de tous les namespaces 

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

pour lister les logs d'un pods ici neutron-dhcp-agent-default-2s4z9 du namespace openstack : 

kubectl logs --namespace=openstack neutron-dhcp-agent-default-2s4z9 --all-containers

Un shell sur un pod 

kubectl exec -it --namespace=openstack neutron-dhcp-agent-default-2s4z9 -- /bin/bash

Exécuter une commande sur un pod sans ouvrir un shell dessus: 

kubectl exec  --namespace=openstack neutron-dhcp-agent-default-2s4z9 -- ls

Administration

Mot de passe / password / secret 

$ kubectl -n openstack get secrets managedpasswords -o yaml | grep sql_root_password
sql_root_password: ejdKNjk1anNqcXR0bDd2a2c3NDVnaHduMnhteDVtNno=
 
$ echo ejdKNjk1anNqcXR0bDd2a2c3NDVnaHduMnhteDVtNno= | base64 -D
Alias
alias osapply='osctl apply'
alias osctl='kubectl -n openstack'
alias osctlw='osctl --watch'
alias osdel='osctl delete'
alias osedit='osctl edit'
alias osget='osctl get'
alias oslog='osctl logs'
alias pods='kubectl get pods --all-namespaces --watch'

Exemples de commandes 

viocli get deployment
kubectl -n openstack get pods
kubectl -n openstack get pods -o wide
osctl get pods
osctl get nodes -o wide
kubectl get svc
 
osctl describe pod mariadb-server-1
 
journalctl -u docker.service -u kubelet.service --no-pager -f
 
helm list
helm list -a
helm list xa
 
oslog mariadb-server-1
 
ovfenv
timedatectl
Autres

Autres

https://journaldunadminlinux.fr/tutoriel-installez-facilement-un-cluster-kubernetes-sous-debian-ou-centos/ 

kubeadm config images pull --v=5
#kubeadm reset
kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.56.21
kubectl get daemonsets --all-namespaces
kubectl describe ds
kubectl describe ds --all-namespaces
kubectl get events
kubectl get events --all-namespaces
kubectl cordon node-plop
kubectl drain node-plop --ignore-daemonsets --delete-local-data
kubectl delete node node-plop
kubectl -n openstack delete machine node-plop
viossh ()
{
    ssh -i /root/.ssh/vsphere_tmp vioadmin@$(kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath='{.status.addresses[?(@.type=="ExternalIP")].address}' $1)
}

Get a Shell to a Running Container

Voir https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-container/

Opening a shell when a Pod has more than one Container use --container or -c 

kubectl -n namespace exec -it my-pod --container main-app -- /bin/bash

Lister tous les conteneurs d'un pod 

kubectl -n openstack describe pod/vioadmin1-vioshim-7b6dc9f947-297lg 
 
kubectl -n openstack get pods vioadmin1-vioshim-7b6dc9f947-297lg -o jsonpath='{.spec.containers[*].name}*'

OpenStack VIO k8s - Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting VIO 6.0 

==============================
Troubleshooting Progression :
------------------------------
a- services running on Photon OS:
		If you encounter a problem running an application or appliance on Photon OS and you suspect it involves the operating system, you can troubleshoot by proceeding as follows.
		1- Check the services running on Photon OS  : systemctl status or systemctl --failed
		2- Check jobs : osctl get job  
		3- Check the operating system log files /var/log  et   / :
			journalctl  
			...
			Next, run the following commands to view all services according to the order in which they were started:
			systemd-analyze critical-chain
			Use the troubleshooting tool that you think is most likely to help with the issue at hand. 
			For example, use strace to identify the location of the failure.
			

b-	deployment VIO 6.0  ready :
		root@vio-mgt [ ~ ]# viocli get deployment
		PUBLIC VIP     PRIVATE VIP    HIGH AVAILABILITY
		172.18.21.53   172.18.51.89   Enabled
		NODE NAME                     ROLE         VALIDATION   STATUS    IP
		controller-cwpxtjf97w         Controller   Success      Running   172.18.51.62
		controller-h5dddpj668         Controller   Success      Running   172.18.51.61
		controller-l2c8fpsd8g         Controller   Success      Running   172.18.51.63
		vio-mgt.etudes.acme.local   Manager      Success      Running   172.18.51.60
		SERVICE        CONTROLLER                       READY   FAILURES
		barbican       barbican-api                      2/2       -
					   barbican-ks-listener              2/2       -
					   barbican-worker                   2/2       -
		cinder         cinder-api                        2/2       -
					   cinder-scheduler                  2/2       -
					   cinder-volume                     2/2       -
		glance         glance-api                        1/1       -
					   glance-vmw-replicator             1/1       -
		heat           heat-api                          2/2       -
					   heat-cfn                          2/2       -
					   heat-engine                       2/2       -
		horizon        horizon                           2/2       -
		ingress        ingress                           2/2       -
					   ingress-error-pages               1/1       -
		keystone       keystone-api                      2/2       -
		mariadb        mariadb-server                    3/3       -
					   mariadb-ingress                   2/2       -
					   mariadb-ingress-error-pages       2/2       -
					   mariadb1-etcd                     3/3       -
		memcached      memcached1-memcached              1/1       -
					   memcached1-memcached-secondary    1/1       -
		neutron        neutron-dhcp-agent-default        3/3       -
					   neutron-metadata-agent-default    3/3       -
					   neutron-server                    2/2       -
		nova           nova-api-metadata                 2/2       -
					   nova-api-osapi                    2/2       -
					   nova-conductor                    2/2       -
					   nova-consoleauth                  1/1       -
					   nova-mksproxy                     1/1       -
					   nova-placement-api                2/2       -
					   nova-scheduler                    2/2       -
		nova-compute   compute-b78814fd-c34-compute      1/1       -
		openvswitch    openvswitch-db                    3/3       -
					   openvswitch-vswitchd              3/3       -
		rabbitmq       rabbitmq1-rabbitmq                3/3       -
		vioshim        vioadmin1-vioshim                 1/1       -
		vioutils       node-config-manager               3/3       -
		OpenStack Deployment State: RUNNING
			
			
			
c- analyse  controller openstasck-control-plane  running on Photon OS and status ready:

		root@vio-mgt [ ~ ]# kubectl get nodes
		NAME                          STATUS   ROLES                     AGE     VERSION
		controller-cwpxtjf97w         Ready    openstack-control-plane   6d19h   v1.14.1
		controller-h5dddpj668         Ready    openstack-control-plane   6d19h   v1.14.1
		controller-l2c8fpsd8g         Ready    openstack-control-plane   6d19h   v1.14.1
		vio-mgt.etudes.acme.local   Ready    master                    6d19h   v1.14.1
		
		root@vio-mgt [ ~ ]# kubectl get deployments
		NAME                                             READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
		vio-docker-registry                              1/1     1            1           6d20h
		vio-helm-repo                                    1/1     1            1           6d20h
		vio-ingress-cntl-nginx-ingress-controller        1/1     1            1           6d20h
		vio-ingress-cntl-nginx-ingress-default-backend   1/1     1            1           6d20h
		vio-webui                                        1/1     1            1           6d20h
		
		root@vio-mgt [ ~ ]# kubectl get pods
			NAME                                                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
			vio-docker-registry-ca-2vz8c                                      	1/1     Running   0          6d19h
			vio-docker-registry-ca-5hqxb                                      	1/1     Running   0          6d19h
			vio-docker-registry-ca-c9msq                                      	1/1     Running   0          6d19h
			vio-docker-registry-ca-jl7t4                                      	1/1     Running   0          6d20h
			vio-docker-registry-ddf5c8fc6-k5c7h                               	1/1     Running   0          6d20h
			vio-helm-repo-647784c488-xmshc										1/1     Running   0          6d20h
			vio-ingress-cntl-nginx-ingress-controller-7969c994b-824wx			1/1     Running   0          6d20h
			vio-ingress-cntl-nginx-ingress-default-backend-84ff56ff69-87pmp   	1/1     Running   0          6d20h
			vio-webui-5fbd4b7589-9b5ns                                        	1/1     Running   0          6d20h
			vio-webui-auth-proxy-0												1/1     Running   0          6d20h
		
		pour un service donné :  glance 
		root@vio-mgt [ ~ ]# kubectl -n openstack get pods | grep glance
			glance-api-79d574b8b8-5l6nh                                       2/2     Running     0          4h53m
			glance-bootstrap-ncln7                                            0/1     Completed   0          4h53m
			glance-db-init-x7cj9                                              0/1     Completed   0          4h53m
			glance-db-sync-tqdv7                                              0/1     Completed   0          4h53m
			glance-ks-endpoints-ljbx7                                         0/3     Completed   0          4h53m
			glance-ks-service-9lhxq                                           0/1     Completed   0          4h53m
			glance-ks-user-ljfm9                                              0/1     Completed   0          4h53m
			glance-metadefs-gfwtv                                             0/1     Completed   0          4h53m
			glance-rabbit-init-ttwcx                                          0/1     Completed   0          4h53m
			glance-storage-init-twtc2                                         0/1     Completed   0          4h53m
			glance-vmw-replicator-859f8fd458-dkmrp                            1/1     Running     0          4h53m
			helm-glance-glance1-bfcqq5gj6m-77cgr                              0/1     Completed   0          4h54m
			valid-glance-glance1-drstn2qx47-2wtzp 

		Recherche  "Error"  pour des pods :
		root@vio-mgt [ ~ ]# kubectl -n openstack get pods | grep  "Error"
		
		Recherche  des Datastores de  "Glance"	
		kubectl -n openstack get glances.vio.vmware.com glance1 -o yaml | grep -i datastore	

		Consulter les Logs  de glance-api and glance-vmw-replicator  :
		kubectl logs -n openstack glance-api-79d574b8b8-5l6nh glance-api -f
		kubectl logs -n openstack  glance-vmw-replicator-859f8fd458-dkmrp  glance-vmw-replicator -f
ovfenv > ovfenv.txt
kubectl get pods -A -o wide > pods.txt
journalctl -u kubelet > kubelet.txt
journalctl -u docker > docker.txt
viocli generate supportbundle

Pb

OpenStack VIO - Pb Réseau - Neutron - Init ImagePullBackOff
$ openstack image list
+--------------------------------------+------------+--------+
| ID                                   | Name       | Status |
+--------------------------------------+------------+--------+
| f423c7c6-17b4-4420-938b-cff43ab2a6bd | Debian-9.3 | active |
| f8029b36-ce50-4511-8087-efeaf0fdde7a | Debian-9.8 | active |
| 3e787c71-acda-4b7e-8df1-b988823204ac | MEM        | active |
| 0bd6f7de-6da0-4f4e-b81f-f42c0aae2c58 | Photon 3.0 | active |
| 2198532e-84b2-41d0-8d75-0d560f4ac122 | SWF63-V2   | active |
| 46584f47-9fa0-4963-b711-83fd429eec17 | SWF69-V6   | active |
| 1c03e029-d7be-466c-bfb2-fbcb03037af1 | SWF71-V1   | active |
| 140e4ea5-1d72-4884-a4c1-a477ac06c317 | SWF79-V3   | active |
| d4343c41-bfa9-49d8-a4e9-f19bb6d91cd0 | SWF83-V2   | active |
| 7f0008dc-69a9-46c9-aa88-f51a6ec08f67 | SWF89-V1   | active |
| 64977fc8-1f1b-4d31-b395-00978827c7c0 | SWF90-V4   | active |
| 7bf26ab2-09fc-495d-be1e-810cbc1c72e6 | Win-2-NoOk | active |
| 2bb95302-b32f-49a7-b677-3962cf5f648f | Win-NoOk   | active |
| dbdd23d1-1706-45fe-9c4b-8bda84017c98 | Win_1-NoOk | active |
+--------------------------------------+------------+--------+
$ openstack image list
Internal Server Error (HTTP 500)

root@vio-mgt [ ~ ]# viocli get deployment 
neutron        neutron-dhcp-agent-default        2/3       -
               neutron-metadata-agent-default    2/3       -
OpenStack Deployment State: DEGRADED

root@vio-mgt [ ~ ]# reboot

root@vio-mgt [ ~ ]# viocli get deployment 
neutron        neutron-dhcp-agent-default        2/3       -
               neutron-metadata-agent-default    2/3       -
vioshim        vioadmin1-vioshim                 0/1       -
OpenStack Deployment State: OUTAGE

root@vio-mgt [ ~ ]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces |egrep -v "Completed|Running"
NAMESPACE            NAME                                                              READY   STATUS                  RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system          weave-net-9rwmg                                                   0/2     ErrImageNeverPull       0          94m
openstack            cinder-scheduler-d8578f6d-vjm5s                                   0/1     Evicted                 0          2d20h
openstack            cinder-volume-usage-audit-1585307400-xdn86                        0/1     Init:0/1                0          95m
openstack            compute-b78814fd-c34-compute-0                                    1/2     CrashLoopBackOff        21         2d19h
openstack            glance-api-7fd496db87-czf2g                                       0/2     Evicted                 0          2d20h
openstack            glance-api-7fd496db87-f5mkp                                       0/2     Evicted                 0          2d20h
openstack            heat-api-84f4fc7666-8btcb                                         0/2     Evicted                 0          2d20h
openstack            heat-engine-cleaner-1585307400-mkkqw                              0/1     Init:0/1                0          95m
openstack            horizon-55868f757f-4p44w                                          0/1     Evicted                 0          2d20h
openstack            ingress-78c67ccdcf-2f967                                          0/3     Evicted                 0          2d20h
openstack            keystone-api-ddf57bdc9-gpzsl                                      0/1     Evicted                 0          2d18h
openstack            keystone-fernet-rotate-1585310400-vd27t                           0/1     Init:0/1                0          45m
openstack            mariadb-server-1                                                  0/1     Init:0/2                0          106m
openstack            neutron-dhcp-agent-default-cm5pd                                  0/1     Init:ImagePullBackOff   0          96m
openstack            neutron-metadata-agent-default-pw2hl                              0/1     Init:ImagePullBackOff   0          95m
openstack            neutron-server-7744c854c9-lpl2d                                   0/2     Evicted                 0          2d20h
openstack            nova-api-osapi-784846d95c-64vv4                                   0/2     Evicted                 0          2d20h
openstack            nova-cell-setup-1585310400-94jjg                                  0/1     Init:0/1                0          45m
openstack            nova-scheduler-66d85c789c-tmgj5                                   0/1     Evicted                 0          2d20h
root@vio-mgt [ ~ ]# 

# kubectl logs -n openstack neutron-dhcp-agent-default-cm5pd neutron-dhcp-agent-default -f
Error from server (BadRequest): container "neutron-dhcp-agent-default" in pod "neutron-dhcp-agent-default-cm5pd" is waiting to start: PodInitializing

root@vio-mgt [ ~ ]# kubectl get pods -n openstack  |egrep "neutron-dhcp-agent-default|neutron-metadata-agent-default"
neutron-dhcp-agent-default-4rl9l                                  1/1     Running                 0          2d20h
neutron-dhcp-agent-default-7xhds                                  1/1     Running                 0          2d20h
neutron-dhcp-agent-default-cm5pd                                  0/1     Init:ImagePullBackOff   0          123m
neutron-metadata-agent-default-hxd2s                              1/1     Running                 0          2d20h
neutron-metadata-agent-default-pw2hl                              0/1     Init:ImagePullBackOff   0          121m
neutron-metadata-agent-default-vmls5                              1/1     Running                 0          2d20h

Resolution ? 

You can delete the weave pod and the pod might be able to pull the image.
2025/03/24 15:06
, ,

Notes diff

Voir :

  • tardiff / pkgdiff
  • patch
  • kdiff3 / kdiff3-qt
  • git diff / git difftool

Liste outils de diffing :

  • opendiff
  • kdiff3
  • wdiff
  • tkdiff
  • xxdiff
  • meld
  • kompare
  • gvimdiff
  • diffuse
  • diffmerge
  • ecmerge
  • p4merge
  • araxis
  • bc3
  • codecompare
  • emerge
  • vimdiff
  • imediff

Et aussi

  • diff
  • sdiff
  • jsondiff
git difftool --tool-help

diff

       -w, --ignore-all-space
              Ne tenir compte d'aucun espace.

       -B, --ignore-blank-lines
              Ne pas tenir compte des lignes vides.
diff -w -B /etc/hosts.bak /etc/hosts
diff -y --width=160 fic1 fic2

Notes vimdiff

Installation 

apt-get update && apt-get install vim

Syntaxe 

vimdiff fichier1.txt fichier2.txt

FIXME : Exemple avec Git, liens kdiff3

do - Get changes from other window into the current window.

dp - Put the changes from current window into the other window.

]c - Jump to the next change.

[c - Jump to the previous change.

Ctrl W + Ctrl W - Changer de fenêtre

Ctrl w + [Flèche droite] Aller dans la fenêtre de droite

Ctrl w + [Flèche gauche] Aller dans la fenêtre de gauche

Hexa

Voir aussi :

  • hexadiff
colordiff -y <(xxd debian-10.3.0-amd64-netinst.iso |head -10000) <(xxd debian-10.3.0-amd64-netinst-uefi.iso |head -10000) |more
2025/03/24 15:06
, ,

Notes vim

Voir

Modeline magic

# vim: ai:ts=4:sw=4
# vim: enc=utf-8:nu:ai:si:et:ts=4:sw=4:ft=xdefaults:
# vim: set ai et sts=2 sw=2 tw=80:
# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet
# YAML
# .. vim: foldmarker=[[[,]]]:foldmethod=marker

vimrc 

set modeline
set modelines=5

vimrc

vimrc 

filetype plugin indent on
" show existing tab with 4 spaces width
set tabstop=4
" when indenting with '>', use 4 spaces width
set shiftwidth=4
" On pressing tab, insert 4 spaces
set expandtab

Autres

Debian est installé par défaut avec un vim allégé, le apt:vim-tiny Pour install le vrai apt:vim 

apt-get update && apt-get install vim

Lancer le tutorat VIM 

vimtutor

Ouvrir plusieurs fichiers simultanément - cote à cote comme avec vimdiff 

vim -O fic1.md fic2.md

Ouvrir plusieurs fichiers simultanément - l'une au-dessus des autre 

vim -o fic1.md fic2.md

Vim suppression de lignes avec motif 

:g/toto/d
u : Undo (Annulez une modif, "édition-précédent")
Ctrl-R: Redo changes (Annulez le annuler précédent)

Display non-printable character 

:set list
:set display+=uhex

Commande, trie 

:%ls
:%!sort -r

Voir également 

$ cat hidden.txt
ab
$ wc --char hidden.txt
5
$ sed 's/\o302\xAD//' hidden.txt > fixed.txt
wc --char fixed.txt
3

File browser 

:Ex

for ex(ploring) the file directory.

Alternative 

sudo update-alternatives --config editor

Insérer un caractère spécial comme un espace insécable

Use CTRL + K

Ex with non-breakable space
CTRL + K, <SPACE>, <SPACE>

Pb

Pb Debian Stretch (Debian 9) Copier-coller ne fonctionne pas avec la souris

Source :

Solution : Il suffit de maintenir la touche Shift enfoncée lors de la sélection du texte

Ou alors pour avoir le même comportement que Debian Jessie :

/usr/share/vim/vim80/defaults.vim 

" In many terminal emulators the mouse works just fine.  By enabling it you
" can position the cursor, Visually select and scroll with the mouse.
"if has('mouse')
"  set mouse=a
"endif

Correction avec Ansible 

- name: bugfix vim
  replace:
    dest: /usr/share/vim/vim80/defaults.vim
    regexp: '^\s+set mouse=a'
    replace: '"  set mouse=a'
  when:
    - ansible_os_family == 'Debian'
    - ansible_distribution_major_version == '9'

Ou 

echo "set mouse-=a" >> ~/.vimrc
2025/03/24 15:06

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