Voir :

• Notes fuseau horaire - timezone TZ - localtime - heure locale

Voir aussi :

• ubuntu-langue-clavier
• pb_lang_qwerty_boot_cryptsetup

#timedatectl list-timezones
timedatectl set-timezone Europe/Paris

echo "Europe/Helsinki" > /etc/timezone
 
#dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
dpkg-reconfigure --frontend noninteractive tzdata

/etc/locale.gen

fr_FR.UTF-8 UTF-8

export LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8 
export LANGUAGE=fr_FR:fr
export LC_ALL=fr_FR.UTF-8
# LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 
locale-gen
dpkg-reconfigure locales
update-locale LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8

Ou

locale-gen fr_FR.UTF-8 UTF-8 && dpkg-reconfigure locales

/etc/default/keyboard

# KEYBOARD CONFIGURATION FILE
 
# Consult the keyboard(5) manual page.
 
XKBMODEL="pc105"
XKBLAYOUT="fr"
XKBVARIANT="latin9"
XKBOPTIONS=""
 
BACKSPACE="guess"

sudu setupcon

Source :

• https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/System_Administrators_Guide/s1-Changing_the_Keyboard_Layout.html

Fichier de conf

/etc/locale.conf

LANG=en_US.utf8

Afficher les infos

localectl status

Langue

localectl list-locales
#localedef set-locale LANG=en_US.utf8
localedef set-locale LANG=fr_FR.utf8

Clavier
Voir Comment mater le clavier sous Linux?

localectl list-keymaps
#localectl set-keymap us
localectl set-keymap fr
#localectl set-x11-keymap fr

# loadkeys fr
cannot open file fr

Solution

apt-get install kbd console-data

Debian 9

localectl set-keymap fr

Après reboot, lightdm est bien en français par défaut (même si c'est en_US.utf8 qui est affiché)

Par contre la console TTY est toujours en querty.

Il faut à chaque fois faire

loadkeys fr
 
# idem pour X11
setxkbmap fr

loadkeys persistent, loadkeys permanent

Il est possible d'ajouter cette commande dans le bashrc, mais existe-il un autre moyen de rendre pour loadkeys persistent

Solution :

apt-get install console-setup

Si cela ne marche toujours pas

apt-get install console-data
apt-get install console-setup
apt-get install keyboard-configuration
 
dpkg-reconfigure console-data
dpkg-reconfigure console-setup
dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
 
reboot

WARNING! Your environment specifies an invalid locale.
 The unknown environment variables are:
   LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8 LC_ALL=
 This can affect your user experience significantly, including the
 ability to manage packages. You may install the locales by running:

   sudo apt-get install language-pack-en
     or
   sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8

To see all available language packs, run:
   apt-cache search "^language-pack-[a-z][a-z]$"
To disable this message for all users, run:
   sudo touch /var/lib/cloud/instance/locale-check.skip

a

/etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf

#KEYMAP=n
KEYMAP=y

update-initramfs -u -k all

b

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=”rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap vconsole.keymap=us crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 rhgb quiet net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0″

grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

autres

locale-gen fr_FR.UTF-8 UTF-8

Ce qui revient à créer

/etc/locale.gen

# This file lists locales that you wish to have built. You can find a list
# of valid supported locales at /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED, and you can add
# user defined locales to /usr/local/share/i18n/SUPPORTED. If you change
# this file, you need to rerun locale-gen.

en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
fr_FR.UTF-8 UTF-8

update-locale LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8

Ce qui revient à

/etc/default/locale

#  File generated by update-locale
LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8

dpkg-reconfigure -f noninteractive locales
env DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install console-setup